The University of Texas at Austin (also referred to as the University of Texas, UT, UT Austin, or Texas) is a public A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. A national university may or may not be considered a public university, depending on regions. In some regions of the world prominent public institutions are highly influential centers of research university located in Austin Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 15th-largest in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006. According to the 2008 U.S. Census, Texas Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and sixth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the, United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language, and is the flagship A flagship is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels, a designation given on account of being either the largest, fastest, newest, most heavily armed or, for publicity purposes, the best known. In military terms, it is a ship used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships. The term originates from the custom of the commanding officer to fly institution of The University of Texas System The University of Texas System comprises fifteen educational institutions in Texas, of which nine are for academy universities and six are health institutions. The UT System also offers online courses and degrees from UT institutions via the UT TeleCampus. The system is headquartered in Downtown Austin.[6][7][8][9] The main campus is located approximately 0.25 miles (0.40 km) from the Texas State Capitol The Texas State Capitol is located in Austin, Texas and is the fourth building in Austin to serve as the seat of Texas government. It houses the chambers of the Texas Legislature and the office of the governor of Texas. It was originally designed in 1881 by architect Elijah E. Myers, who was fired in 1886, and was constructed from 1882–88 under. Founded in 1883, the university has the fifth-largest This list of largest United States university campuses by enrollment includes only individual four-year campuses, not four-year universities. Universities can have multiple campuses with a single administration single-campus enrollment in the nation as of fall 2009 (and had the largest enrollment in the country from 1997–2003), with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and 16,500 faculty and staff. It currently holds the largest enrollment The List of largest Texas universities by enrollment includes only the top ten universities in Texas as reported by the Texas Education Agency and respective universities of all colleges in the state of Texas.[10]

The University of Texas at Austin was named one of the original eight Public Ivy Public Ivy is a term coined by Richard Moll in his 1985 book Public Ivies: A Guide to America's best public undergraduate colleges and universities to refer to universities which "provide an Ivy League collegiate experience at a public school price." Public Ivies are considered, according to the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, to institutions[11] and was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929.[12] The university is a major center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $590 million in 2009.[13] The University of Texas at Austin operates various auxiliary facilities aside from the main campus, including the J. J. Pickle Research Campus The J. J. Pickle Research Campus in Austin, Texas, United States is owned and operated by the University of Texas at Austin. It is located in northwest Austin, approximately nine miles (14 km) north of the main UT campus and just south of the The Domain. The 475 acre (1.9 km²) site is bordered on the north by Braker Lane, on the west by US 183,. In addition, the university was recognized by Sports Illustrated Sports Illustrated is an American sports magazine owned by media conglomerate Time Warner. It has over 3 million subscribers and is read by 23 million adults each week, including over 18 million men, 19% of the adult males in the United States. It was the first magazine with circulation over one million to win the National Magazine Award for as "America's Best Sports College" in 2002.[14] Its sports program has been dubbed the most successful in all of college sports.[15]

Contents

History

Main article: History of the University of Texas at Austin The idea behind opening universities in Texas was originally conceived in 1827 under an article in the Constitución de Coahuila y Texas. Upon Texas's independence, the Congress of the Republic of Texas adopted the Constitution of the Republic, which made its own provision to establish a system of public education in Texas. President Mirabeau B

Establishment

The first mention of a public university in Texas Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and sixth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican In Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory, which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain which would eventually become Mexico state of Coahuila y Tejas Coahuila y Tejas was one of the constituent states of the newly established United Mexican States under its 1824 Constitution. Although an article promised to establish public education in the arts and sciences, no action was taken by the Mexican government. But after Texas obtained its independence The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the following day after errors were noted in the text from Mexico in 1836, the Congress of Texas adopted the Constitution of the Republic The Constitution of the Republic of Texas was written in 1836 between the fall of the Alamo Mission in San Antonio and Sam Houston's stunning victory at San Jacinto. The constitution was written quickly and while on the run from Santa Anna, which included a provision to establish public education in the republic The Republic of Texas was an independent state in North America, bordering the United States and Mexico, that existed from 1836 to 1846, including two universities or colleges. On January 26, 1839, the Congress of Texas agreed to eventually set aside fifty leagues A league is a unit of length . It was long common in Europe and Latin America, but it is no longer an official unit in any nation. The league most frequently refers to the distance a person or a horse can walk in an hour, however, the league has multiple values of land towards the effort; in addition, 40 acres (160,000 m2) in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated "College Hill."[16]

In 1846, Texas was annexed The Texas Annexation of 1845 was the voluntary annexation of the Republic of Texas to the United States of America as the twenty-eighth state. It quickly led to the Mexican War in which the U.S. captured further territory west to the Pacific Ocean. Texas claimed but never controlled parts of present-day Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and into the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. The state legislature passed the Act of 1858, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay interest and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed maturity. A bond is a formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest at fixed intervals towards construction of a university. In addition, the legislature designated land, previously reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction, toward the universities' fifty leagues. However, Texas's secession Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity. Threats of secession also can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals from the Union and the American Civil War Union blockade – Eastern – Western – Lower Seaboard – Trans-Mississippi – Pacific Coast prevented further action on these plans.

The university's Old Main Building in 1903

After the war, the 1862 Morrill Act For fifteen years prior to the first introduction of the bill in 1857, there was a political movement calling for the creation of agriculture colleges. The movement was led by Professor Jonathan Baldwin Turner of Illinois College. On February 8, 1853, the Illinois legislature adopted a resolution, drafted by Turner, calling for the Illinois facilitated the creation of what is now Texas A&M University Texas A&M University, often referred to as A&M or TAMU, is a coeducational public research university located in College Station, Texas. It is the flagship institution of the Texas A&M University System. The seventh-largest university in the United States, A&M enrolls over 48,000 students in ten academic colleges. Texas A&M's, which was established in 1876 as the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Texas.[16] The Texas Constitution of 1876 The Constitution of the State of Texas is the document that describes the structure and function of the government of the U.S. State of Texas mandated that the state establish a university "at an early day," calling for the creation of a "university of the first class", styled "The University of Texas." It revoked the endowment of the railroad lands of the Act of 1858 but appropriated 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) in West Texas. In 1883, another two million were granted, with income from the sale of land and grazing rights The concept of grazing rights in the United States descends directly from the English concept of the commons, a piece of land over which other people — often neighbouring landowners — could exercise one of a number of traditional rights, such as allowing their cattle to graze upon it. Prior to the mid-18th century, grazing rights in the United going to The University of Texas and Texas A&M.[16]

In 1881, Austin was chosen as the site of the main university, and Galveston was designated the location of the medical department. On the original "College Hill," an official ceremony began construction on what is now referred to as the old Main Building in late 1882. The university opened its doors on September 15, 1883.

Expansion and growth

The Tower The Main Building is a structure at the center of the University of Texas campus in Austin, Texas. The Main Building's iconic 307-foot (94 m) tower has 28 floors and is one of the most recognizable symbols of the University, as well as the city., completed in 1937, stands 307 ft (94 m) tall and dons different colors of lighting on special occasions. The Main Building is a structure at the center of the University of Texas campus in Austin, Texas. The Main Building's iconic 307-foot (94 m) tower has 28 floors and is one of the most recognizable symbols of the University, as well as the city.

The old Victorian The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. As with the latter, the period of building that it covers may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria after whom it is named, in keeping with a British and French-Gothic The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began in the 1740s in England. Its popularity grew rapidly in the early nineteenth century, when increasingly serious and learned admirers of neo-Gothic styles sought to revive medieval forms, in contrast to the neoclassical styles prevalent at the time. In England, the centre of this revival, Main Building The Main Building is a structure at the center of the University of Texas campus in Austin, Texas. The Main Building's iconic 307-foot (94 m) tower has 28 floors and is one of the most recognizable symbols of the University, as well as the city. served as the central point of the campus's 40-acre (160,000 m2) site, and was used for nearly all purposes. But by the 1930s, discussions arose about the need for new library space, and the Main Building was razed in 1934 over the objections of many students and faculty. The modern-day tower and Main Building were constructed in its place.

In 1910, George Brackenridge donated 500 acres (2.0 km2) located on the Colorado River The Colorado River is the 18th longest river in the United States and the longest river with both its source and mouth within Texas; however its drainage basin and some of its usually dry tributaries do extend into New Mexico. The 862-mile long river flows generally southeast from Dawson County through Marble Falls, Austin, Bastrop, Smithville, La to the university . A vote by the regents to move the campus to the donated land was met with outrage, and the land has only been used for auxiliary purposes such as graduate student housing. Part of the tract was sold in the late-1990s for luxury housing, and there are controversial proposals to sell the remainder of the tract.

As a result of the controversy, in 1921, the legislature appropriated $1,350,000 for the purchase of land adjacent to the main campus. But expansion was hampered by the constitutional restriction against funding the construction of buildings. With the discovery of oil Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. It is refined and separated, most easily by on university-owned grounds in 1923, the institution was able to put its new wealth towards its general endowment fund. These savings allowed the passing of amendments to make way for bond issues in 1931 and 1947, with the latter expansion necessary from the spike in enrollment following World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland ·. The university built 19 permanent structures between 1950 and 1965, when it was given the right of eminent domain Eminent domain , compulsory purchase (United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland), resumption/compulsory acquisition (Australia) or expropriation (South Africa and Canada) is the inherent power of the state to seize a citizen's private property, expropriate property, or seize a citizen's rights in property with due monetary compensation, but without the. With this power, the university purchased additional properties surrounding the original 40 acres (160,000 m2).

Recent history

On August 1, 1966, Texas student Charles Whitman barricaded the observation deck in the tower of the Main Building. With two rifles, a sawed-off shotgun and various other weapons, he killed 10 people on campus from the observation deck below the clocks on the tower and three more in the tower as well as wounding two more inside the observation deck. Whitman had been a patient at the University Health Center, and on March 29, preceding the incident, had conveyed to Psychiatrist Maurice Heatley, his feelings of overwhelming hostilities and that he "felt like going up in the tower and shooting people with a deer rifle".[17] Following the Whitman incident, the observation deck was closed until 1968, and then closed again in 1975 following a series of suicide Suicide is the term used for the deliberate self-destruction by a living being, resulting in their own death. Such actions are typically characterised as being made out of despair, or attributed to some underlying mental disorder which includes depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism and drug abuse. Financial difficulties, jumps during the 1970s. In 1998, after installation of security fencing and other safety precautions, the tower observation deck reopened to the public.

Completed in 1969, Jester Center was the largest residence hall in North America and was the largest building project in university history. It includes two towers: a 14-level and 10-level residences with a capacity of 3,200.

The first presidential library In the United States, the Presidential library system is a nationwide network of 13 libraries administered by the Office of Presidential Libraries, which is part of the National Archives and Records Administration . These are not libraries in the modern sense, but rather repositories for preserving and making available the papers, records, on a university campus was dedicated on May 22, 1971 with former President Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson , often referred to as LBJ, served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969 after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He served in all four federal elected offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President and President, Lady Bird Johnson Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson was First Lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969 during the presidency of her husband Lyndon B. Johnson. Throughout her life, she was an advocate for beautification of the nation's cities and highways and conservation of natural resources and made that her major initiative as First Lady. After and then-President Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States from 1969–1974 and was also the 36th Vice President of the United States (1953–1961). Nixon was the only President to resign the office and also the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency in attendance. Constructed on the eastern side of the main campus, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum is one of 13 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration. The library houses 45 million pages of historical documents, including the papers of Lyndon Baines Johnson and those of his close associates and others. The library was dedicated on May 22, 1971, with is one of twelve presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration The United States National Archives and Records Administration is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative.

The University of Texas has experienced a wave of new construction recently with several significant buildings. On April 30, 2006, the school opened a new 155,000-square-foot (14,400 m2) facility named the Blanton Museum of Art. The museum, the largest university art museum in the United States, is home to more than 17,000 works from Europe Europe is one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus region (Specification of borders) and the Black Sea to the southeast. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean and, the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language and Latin America Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages (i.e., those derived from Latin) – particularly Spanish, Portuguese, and variably French – are primarily spoken. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,501 km² (7,880,000 sq mi), almost 3.9% of the Earth's surface or 14.1% of its land surface area. As of 2009, its.[18] In August 2008, the AT&T Executive Education and Conference Center opened for conferences, seminars and continuing education and executive-education programs. The hotel and conference center are part of a new gateway to the university extending the South Mall. Later the same month, after three years of renovations were completed, Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium , located in Austin, Texas, is home to the University of Texas Longhorn football team. The current official stadium capacity is 94,113, the largest football venue in the state of Texas, the largest in the Big 12 Conference, and is the fifth largest on-campus stadium in the NCAA became the largest stadium (by seating capacity) in the state of Texas. In addition to numerous improvements, DKR now seats 100,119, up from the previous 94,113.[19] In 2009, demolition of the old Experimental Sciences Building (ESB) was completed and construction began on a replacement to be named the Norman Hackerman Building (NHB) in honor and memory of Dr. Norman Hackerman, chemist, professor and president emeritus.[20]

Campus

See also: List of University of Texas at Austin buildings

The university's property totals 850 acres (340 ha), comprising the 350 acres (140 ha) for the main campus and other land for the J. J. Pickle Research Campus The J. J. Pickle Research Campus in Austin, Texas, United States is owned and operated by the University of Texas at Austin. It is located in northwest Austin, approximately nine miles (14 km) north of the main UT campus and just south of the The Domain. The 475 acre (1.9 km²) site is bordered on the north by Braker Lane, on the west by US 183, in north Austin and the other properties throughout Texas.

Battle Hall

One of the university's most visible features is the Beaux-Arts Main Building, including a 307-foot (94 m) tower designed by Paul Philippe Cret.[21] Completed in 1937, the Main Building is located in the middle of campus. The tower usually appears illuminated in white light in the evening but is lit orange for various special occasions, including athletic victories and academic accomplishments; it is conversely darkened for solemn occasions.[22] At the top of the tower is a carillon of 56 bells, the largest in Texas. Songs are played on weekdays by resident carillonneur Tom Anderson, in addition to the usual pealing of Westminster Quarters every quarter hour between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.[23] In 1998, after the installation of security and safety measures, the observation deck reopened to the public indefinitely for weekend tours.[24]

The Littlefield House, used today by the university's Office of Resource Development, was constructed in 1893 and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

The university is home to 7 museums and 17 libraries, which hold over eight million volumes.[25] The holdings of the university's Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center include one of only 21 remaining complete copies of the Gutenberg Bible and the first permanent photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras, taken by Nicéphore Niépce.[26] The newest museum, the Blanton Museum of Art, opened in April 2006 and hosts approximately 17,000 works from Europe, the United States, and Latin America.

The University of Texas has an extensive underground tunnel system that links all of the buildings on campus. Constructed in the 1930s under the supervision of creator Carl Eckhardt, then head of the physical plant, the tunnels have grown along with the university campus. They currently measure approximately six miles in total length.[27][28] The tunnel system is used for communications and utility service. It is closed to the public and is guarded by silent alarms. The university also operates a 1.1 megawatt TRIGA nuclear reactor at the J.J. Pickle Research Campus.[29][29][30]

The university continues to expand its facilities on campus. In February 2006, the Board of Regents voted to update and expand the football stadium, and in March 2006 the student body passed a referendum to build a new Student Activities Center next to Gregory Gym on the east side of campus, pending final approval by the Board of Regents. According to The Daily Texan, the project is estimated to cost $51 million and is set to open between fall 2010 and fall 2012. Funding will primarily come from students, raising tuition by a maximum of $65 per semester.[31]

The university operates a public radio station, KUT, which provides local FM broadcasts as well as live streaming audio over the Internet. The university uses Capital Metro to provide bus transportation for students around the campus and throughout Austin.

Academic profile

University rankings (overall)
ARWU World[32] 38
ARWU North & Latin America[33] 31
Times Higher Education[34] 76
USNWR National University[35] 47
WM National University[36] 9
McCombs School of Business

UT Austin is consistently ranked as one of the top public universities in the country, with highly-regarded programs in a variety of fields. Nationally, the university ranked 47th according to U.S. News and World Report,[37] 15th among public universities in 2009.[38] The McCombs School of Business was ranked sixth among undergraduate business programs,[39] and the Cockrell School of Engineering was ranked ninth among undergraduate engineering programs.[40] Internationally, UT Austin was ranked 70th in the "World's Best Universities" ranking presented by U.S. News and World Report,[41] and ranked 38th in the world by Shanghai Jiao Tong University,[42] based on factors such as Nobel laureate affiliation and number of highly-cited researchers. In 2009, The Economist ranked the school 49th worldwide.[43]

As of 2010, U.S. News and World Report ranked forty-three UT graduate programs and specialties in the top ten nationally, and another fifty-three others ranked in the top 25.[44] Among these programs include the ninth-ranked Cockrell School of Engineering,[45] the tenth-ranked College of Education,[46] and the 15th-ranked School of Law.[47] Four UT graduate programs were ranked first in the nation, including Accounting and Petroleum Engineering.[44] While the university does not have a medical school, it houses medical programs associated with other campuses and allied health professional programs, which has contributed to the College of Pharmacy's number four ranking.[48] The MBA program in the McCombs School of Business was ranked 16th nationally in 2010.[49] A 2005 Bloomberg survey ranked the school 5th among all business schools and first among public business schools for the largest number of alumni who are S&P 500 CEOs.[50] Similarly, a 2005 USA Today report ranked the university as "the number one source of new Fortune 1000 CEOs."[51]

Proctor's Mustangs (1948) overlooking the Engineering Sciences buildings

Colleges and schools

The university contains sixteen colleges & schools and two academic units, each listed with its founding date:[52]

The University of Texas at Austin offers more than 100 undergraduate and 170 graduate degrees. In the 2008-2009 academic year, the university awarded a total of 12,861 degrees: 67.0% bachelor's degrees, 22.6% master's degrees, 6.0% doctoral degrees, and 4.4% Special Professional degrees.[53]

The university has six honors programs that span a variety of academic fields: Liberal Arts Honors, the Business Honors Program, the Turing Scholars Program in Computer Sciences, Engineering Honors, the Dean's Scholars Honors Program in Natural Sciences, and the interdisciplinary Plan II Honors program.[54]

Admission

Relief sculpture in the Texas Memorial Museum

As a state public university, the University of Texas at Austin is subject to Texas House Bill 588, which guarantees graduating Texas high school seniors in the top 10% of their class admission to any public Texas university; however, students in the top 10% are not guaranteed their choice of major and certain colleges, such as the Cockrell School of Engineering, have secondary requirements that must be met for admission.[55] In 2009, over 85% of enrolled students from Texas were admitted under this law.[56] A new state law, Senate Bill 175, was passed by the 81st Legislature which modifies this admissions policy by limiting automatically-admitted freshmen to 75% of the entering in-state freshman class, starting in 2011. The university will admit the top one percent, the top two percent and so forth until the cap is reached; the university expects to automatically admit students in the top 8% of their graduating class for 2011.[57]

For others who go through the traditional application process, selectivity is deemed "more selective" according to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.[58] For Fall 2009, 31,362 applied and 45.6% were accepted, and of those accepted, 51.0% enrolled.[3] The university's freshman retention rate in 2009 was 92.5% and the six-year graduation rate was 81.0%.[3] The Fall 2009 entering class had an average ACT composite score of 27 and an average SAT composite score of 1830.[59]

Faculty and research

See also: List of University of Texas at Austin faculty

In Fall 2009, the school employed 2,770 full-time faculty members (88.3% of which hold terminal degree in their field), with a student-to-faculty ratio of 17.34.[3] The university's faculty includes 59 members of the National Academy,[60] winners of the Nobel Prize, the Pulitzer Prize, the National Medal of Science, the National Medal of Technology, the Turing Award and other various awards.[61] Nine Nobel Laureates are or have been affiliated with UT Austin.[62]

Except for MIT, UT Austin attracts more federal research grants than any American university without a medical school.[13] For FY 2009, the university exceeded $590 million in research funding[13] and has earned more than 300 patents since 2003.[63] UT Austin houses the Office of Technology Commercialization, a technology transfer center which serves as the bridge between laboratory research and commercial development. In 2009, UT Austin created nine new startup companies to commercialize technology developed at the university and has created 46 startups in the past seven years. UT Austin license agreements generated $10.9 million in revenue for the university in 2009.[63]

Energy is a major research thrust of the university. In 2009, UT Austin was selected by the Department of Energy to host two of the nation’s 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs), each funded for $15 million over five years, focusing on battery and solar cell technology and on geological carbon dioxide storage.[64] Capitalizing on the university's algae collection—which is among the world’s largest—is a new $25 million DARPA-funded effort towards conversion of algal oil into biofuel.[65] In July 2009, UT founded the Energy Institute, led by former Under Secretary for Science Raymond L. Orbach, to organize and advance multi-disciplinary energy research at the university.[66] Other major interdisciplinary institutes at the university include the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), the Texas Materials Institute, and the Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology (CNM).

Significant research is carried out at UT's auxiliary campus, the J.J. Pickle Research Campus (PRC). The PRC is home to the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) which operates the Ranger supercomputer, one of the most powerful supercomputers in the world.[67] The Microelectronics Research Center, member of the NSF’s National Nanotecnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), houses micro and nanoelectronics research and features a 15,000 square foot (1,400 m2) cleanroom for device fabrication. Founded in 1946, UT’s Applied Research Laboratories (ARL:UT) at PRC has been responsible for the development or testing of the vast majority of high frequency sonar equipment used by the Navy and in 2007 was granted a ten year contract by the Navy, funded up to $928 million.[68][69]

Endowment

Main article: Permanent University Fund

The university has an endowment of $7.2 billion, out of the $16.11 billion (according to 2008 estimates) available to the University of Texas. This figure reflects the fact that the school has the largest endowment of any public university in the nation.[citation needed]

View of downtown Austin from Main Mall, south of the Main Building

30% of the university's endowment comes from Permanent University Fund (PUF), with nearly $15 billion in assets as of 2007.[70][71] Proceeds from lands appropriated in 1839 and 1876, as well as oil monies, comprise the majority of PUF. At one time, the PUF was the chief source of income for Texas's two university systems, The University of Texas System and the Texas A&M University System; today, however, its revenues account for less than 10 percent of the universities' annual budgets. This has challenged the universities to increase sponsored research and private donations. Privately funded endowments contribute over $2 billion to the University's total endowment value.

The university is one of only two public universities in the U.S. that have a triple-A credit rating from all three major credit rating agencies, along with the University of Virginia.[72]

Student life

Student profile

For Fall 2009, the university enrolled 38,168 undergraduate, 11,127 graduate and 1,212 law students.[73] Out-of-state and international students comprised 8.5% of the undergraduate student body and 19.5% of the total student body, with students from all 50 states and more than 100 foreign countries—most notably, South Korea, followed by India, the People's Republic of China, Mexico and Taiwan.[59] For Fall 2009, the undergraduate student body was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.[74] The three largest undergraduate majors in 2009 were Biological Sciences, Unspecified Business, and Psychology, while the three largest graduate majors were Business Administration (MBA), Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Pharmacy (PharmD).[59]

Demographics of student body[75][76]
Undergraduate Graduate Texas U.S. Census
African American 4.9% 3.2% 11.6% 12.1%
Asian American 18.2% 7.5% 3.3% 4.3%
Caucasian 53.5% 53.1% 71.5% 65.8%
Hispanic American 18.5% 9.4% 35.5% 14.5%
Native American 0.4% 0.3% 0.6% 0.9%
International student 4.3% 23.5% N/A N/A

Residential life

The campus is currently home to fourteen residence halls, the newest of which opened for residence in Spring 2007. On-campus housing can hold more than 7,100 students.[77] Jester Center is the largest residence hall with its capacity of 2,945.[78] Academic enrollment exceeds the capacity of on-campus housing; as a result, most students must live in private residence halls, housing cooperatives, apartments, or with Greek organizations and other off-campus residences. The Division of Housing and Food Service, which already has the largest market share of 7,000 of the estimated 27,000 beds in the campus area, plans to expand to 9,000 beds in the near future.[79]

Student organizations

The university recognizes more than 1,000 student organizations.[80] In addition, it supports three official student governance organizations that represent student interests to faculty, administrators, and the Texas Legislature. Student Government, established in 1902, is the oldest governance organization and represents student interests in general.[81] The Senate of College Councils represents students in academic affairs and coordinates the college councils,[82] and the Graduate Student Assembly represents graduate student interests.[83] The Texas Union Student Events Center serves as the hub for student activities on campus.[84] The Friar Society serves as the oldest honor society at the university.[85] The Texas 4000 for Cancer student organization is the longest annual charity bicycle ride in the world and has raised over $1.4 million dollars for cancer research from its founding in 2004 to April, 2009.[86]

Greek life

See also: List of fraternities and sororities at University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin is home to an active Greek community. The first Greek chapter on campus was the Texas Beta chapter of Phi Delta Theta and was founded on October 15, 1883, less than a month after the opening of the University.[citation needed] Approximately 11 percent of undergraduate students are in fraternities or sororities.[3] With more than 50 national fraternity and sorority chapters, the university's Greek community is one of the largest in the nation.[citation needed] These chapters are under the authority of one of the school's five Greek council communities, Interfraternity Council, National Pan-Hellenic Council, Texas Asian Pan-Hellenic Council, United Greek Council and University Panhellenic Council.[87] Other registered student organizations also name themselves with Greek letters and are called affiliates. They are not a part of one of the five councils but have all of the same privileges and responsibilities of any other organization.[88] According to the Office of the Dean of Students' mission statement, Greek Life promotes the principles of cultural appreciation, scholarship, leadership, and service.[89] Only the Kappa Kappa Gamma and Alpha Phi fraternity and sorority houses are located on campus; the majority of Greek houses are located west of the Drag in the neighborhood called West Campus. More than fifteen Greek organizations are currently on probation for hazing activity.[citation needed] In 2006, Sigma Alpha Epsilon pledge Tyler Cross died from falling off of a balcony in West Campus with a blood alcohol content of 0.19; his family received a reported $16 million from Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity.[88]

Media

See also: Texas Student Media

Students express their opinions in and outside of class through periodicals including Study Breaks Magazine, The Daily Texan (the most award-winning daily college newspaper in the United States),[90] and the Texas Travesty. Over the airwaves students' voices are heard through K09VR and KVRX.

The Computer Writing and Research Lab of the university's Department of Rhetoric and Writing also hosts the Blogora, a blog for "connecting rhetoric, rhetorical methods and theories, and rhetoricians with public life" by the Rhetoric Society of America.[91]

Traditions

The Texas longhorn serves as the university mascot.

Traditions at the University of Texas are perpetuated through several school symbols and mediums. At athletic events, students frequently sing "Texas Fight," the university's fight song while displaying the Hook 'em Horns hand gesture—the gesture mimicking the horns of the school's mascot, Bevo the Texas longhorn.

Athletics

Main article: Texas Longhorns Texas Longhorns logo

The University of Texas offers a wide variety of varsity and intramural sports programs. As of 2008, the university's athletics program ranked fifth in the nation among Division I schools, according to the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics.[92] Due to the breadth of sports offered and the quality of the programs, Texas was selected as "America's Best Sports College" in a 2002 analysis performed by Sports Illustrated.[93] Texas was also listed as the number one Collegiate Licensing Company client for the second consecutive year in regards to the amount of annual trademark royalties received from the sales of its fan merchandise. However, this ranking is based only on clients of the Collegiate Licensing Company, which does not handle licensing for approximately three dozen large schools including Ohio State, USC, UCLA, Michigan State, and Texas A&M.[94][95]

Varsity sports

The university's men's and women's athletics teams are nicknamed the Longhorns. A charter member of the Southwest Conference until its dissolution in 1996, Texas now competes in the Big 12 Conference (South Division) of the NCAA's Division I-FBS. Texas has won 47 total national championships,[96] 39 of which are NCAA national championships.[97]

The University of Texas has traditionally been considered a college football powerhouse.[98][99][100] At the start of the 2007 season, the Longhorns were ranked third in the all-time list of both total wins and winning percentage.[101] The team experienced its greatest success under coach Darrell Royal, winning three national championships in 1963, 1969, and 1970. It won a fourth title under head coach Mack Brown in 2005 after a 41-38 victory over previously undefeated Southern California in the 2006 Rose Bowl.

In recent years, the men's basketball team has gained prominence, advancing to the NCAA Tournament Sweet Sixteen in 2002, the Final Four in 2003, the Sweet Sixteen in 2004, and the Elite Eight in 2006 and 2008.

The university's baseball team is considered one of the best in the nation with more trips to the College World Series than any other school, with wins in 1949, 1950, 1975, 1983, 2002 and 2005.

Additionally, the university's highly successful men's and women's swimming and diving teams lay claim to sixteen NCAA Division I titles.[102] In particular, the men's team is under the leadership of Eddie Reese, who served as the head men's coach at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, the 2004 Games in Athens and the 2008 Games in Beijing.

Texas entry in the 2007 Red River Shootout

Rivalries

The Longhorns have a rivalry in all sports with the Texas A&M Aggies. The two schools have acknowledged the importance of this rivalry by creating the State Farm Lone Star Showdown series, which encompasses all sports where both schools field a varsity team. The football game played between the two schools is the third longest-running rivalry in the nation and is the longest-running rivalry for both schools. Longhorns lead the showdown with 75-36-5. The game is traditionally played on Thanksgiving day. Both schools hold a rally before the annual football game — Texas hosts the Hex Rally, and students at Texas A&M host the Aggie Bonfire (although it is no longer an officially sanctioned Texas A&M event after the deaths of 12 students in 1999).

The Longhorns also have a long standing football rivalry with the Oklahoma Sooners and hold a 59-40-5 edge in that series. Each year the teams play in Dallas, Texas, in the Red River Rivalry game.

Other schools, such as University of Arkansas and Texas Tech, also count Texas among their rivals, though each of these schools also trail Texas by significant margins in overall series records, 56-21-0 and 44-15-0, respectively.[103][104][105]

Alumni

Main article: List of University of Texas at Austin alumni Michael Dell started PC's Limited (the precursor to Dell Computers) before dropping out of the University of Texas.

Texas Exes is the official alumni organization of UT.

Over 15 graduates have served in the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives, such as Lloyd Bentsen '42, who served as both a U.S. Senator and U.S. Representative, as well as being the 1988 Democratic Party Vice Presidential nominee.[106] Cabinet members of American presidents include former United States Secretary of State James Baker '57,[107] former United States Secretary of Education William J. Bennett, and former United States Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans '73. Former First Lady Laura Bush '73 and daughter Jenna '04 both graduated from Texas,[108] as well as former First Lady Lady Bird Johnson '33 & '34 and her eldest daughter Lynda. In foreign governments, the university has been represented by Fernando Belaúnde Terry '36 (42nd President of Peru), Mostafa Chamran (former Minister of Defense for Iran),[109] and Abdullah al-Tariki (co-founder of OPEC).

Former First Lady Laura Bush '73 received an M.L.S. from The University of Texas.

Alumni in academia include the 26th President of The College of William & Mary Gene Nichol '76, the 10th President of Boston University Robert A. Brown '73 & '75,[110] and the 8th President of the University of Southern California John R. Hubbard. The University also graduated Alan Bean '55, the fourth man to walk on the Moon. Additionally, alumni of the university who have served as business leaders include ExxonMobil Corporation CEO Rex Tillerson '75, Dell founder and CEO Michael Dell, and Gary C. Kelly, CEO of Southwest Airlines.

Alumnus Roger Clemens, MLB pitcher and seven-time Cy Young Award winner

In literature and journalism, the school has produced Pulitzer Prize winners Gail Caldwell and Ben Sargent '70. Walter Cronkite, the former CBS Evening News anchor once called the most trusted man in America, attended The University of Texas at Austin, as did CNN anchor Betty Nguyen '95. Alumnus J. M. Coetzee also received the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. Novelist Raymond Benson ('78) was the official author of James Bond novels between 1996–2002, the only American to be commissioned to pen them. Donna Alvermann, a distinguished research professor at the University of Georgia, Department of Education also graduated from the University of Texas, as did Wallace Clift ('52), author of several books in the field of psychology of religion.

Several musicians and entertainers attended the university, though most dropped out to pursue their respective careers. Janis Joplin, the American singer who was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and who received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award attended the university,[111] as did February 1955 Playboy Playmate of the Month and Golden Globe recipient Jayne Mansfield.[112] Composer Harold Morris is a 1910 graduate. Noted film director, cinematographer, writer, and editor Robert Rodriguez is a Longhorn, as are actors Eli Wallach and Matthew McConaughey. Rodriguez dropped out of the university after two years to pursue his career in Hollywood, but he officially completed his degree from the Radio-Television-Film department on May 23, 2009. Rodriguez also gave the keynote address at the university-wide commencement ceremony. Actress Renée Zellweger also attended the university and graduated with a BA in English. Farrah Fawcett, one of the original Charlie's Angels, left after her junior year to pursue a modeling career. Actor Owen Wilson and writer/director Wes Anderson each attended the university. There they wrote Bottle Rocket together which became Anderson's first feature film.

A number of alumni have found success in professional sports. Seven-time Cy Young Award-winner Roger Clemens entered the MLB after helping the Longhorns win the 1983 College World Series.[113] Several Olympic medalists have also attended the school, including 2008 Summer Olympics athletes Ian Crocker '05 (swimming world record holder and two-time Olympic gold medalist) and 4x400m relay defending Olympic gold medalist Sanya Richards '06.[114][115] Mary Lou Retton (the first female gymnast outside Eastern Europe to win the Olympic all-around title, five-time Olympic medalist, and 1984 Sports Illustrated Sportswoman of the Year) also attended the university.[116] Also an alumnus is Dr. Robert Cade, the inventor of the sport drink Gatorade.

Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Red McCombs and Diane Pamela Wood, a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.

See also

University of Texas at Austin portal
Austin portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: University of Texas at Austin

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External links

The University of Texas at Austin
Academics School of Architecture • Cockrell School of Engineering • College of Communication • College of Fine Arts • College of Liberal Arts • Graduate School • Jackson School of Geosciences • School of Law • LBJ School of Public Affairs • McCombs School of Business • College of Natural Sciences
Athletics Football • Baseball • Men's Basketball • Women's Basketball • Volleyball • Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium • Erwin Special Events Center • Disch-Falk Field • Myers Stadium • McCombs Field • Gregory Gymnasium • Jamail Texas Swimming Center • Lone Star Showdown
Campus Main Campus ("Forty Acres") • Battle Hall • Blanton Museum of Art • Harry Ransom Center • J. Frank Dobie House • Pickle Research Campus • Jester Center • Littlefield Fountain • Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center • LBJ Library and Museum • Main Building ("The Tower") • McDonald Observatory • Performing Arts Center • Perry–Castañeda Library • Texas Memorial Museum
History History of UT Austin • Constitution of 1876 • Tower shooting • Stephen F. Austin
People Presidents • Alumni • Faculty
Traditions Bevo • Hook 'em (mascot)
Student life The Daily Texan • Texas Student Media • Fraternities and Sororities • The Drag • Hook 'em Horns
The University of Texas System

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North Division Colorado Buffaloes • Iowa State Cyclones • Kansas Jayhawks • Kansas State Wildcats • Missouri Tigers • Nebraska Cornhuskers
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Public

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Private

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Canadian

McGill • Toronto
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United States

Alabama · Arizona · Arizona State · Boston University · Brown · Buffalo · University of California (Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Diego) · Caltech · Carnegie Mellon · Case Western Reserve · Chicago · Colorado · Columbia · Cornell · Duke · Florida · Florida State · Harvard · Hawaii · Houston · IIT · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Iowa State · Johns Hopkins · LSU · Maryland · MIT · Michigan · Michigan State · Minnesota · Nebraska · New Mexico · New Mexico State · North Carolina · North Texas · Northeastern · Northern Illinois · Northwestern · Notre Dame · Ohio State · Oklahoma · Oregon · Penn · Penn State · Pittsburgh · Princeton · Purdue · Rice · Rochester · Rockefeller · Rutgers · SMU · South Carolina · Stanford · Stony Brook · Syracuse · Tennessee · University of Texas (Arlington, Austin, Dallas) · Texas A&M · Texas Tech · Tufts · Tulane · UIC · Utah · Vanderbilt · Virginia · Virginia Tech · Washington · Washington University · Wayne State · William & Mary · Wisconsin · Yale
International

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Largest United States university campuses by enrollment
Public: Arizona State University • The Ohio State University • University of Central Florida • University of Minnesota • University of Texas at Austin • University of Florida • Texas A&M University • Michigan State University • University of South Florida • Pennsylvania State University
Private: New York University • University of Southern California • Liberty University • Brigham Young University • Boston University • Nova Southeastern University • DePaul University • Northeastern University • George Washington University • Long Island University
City of Austin Live Music Capital of the World
History · Metro Area
Counties Hays · Travis · Williamson
Important businesses Advanced Technology Development Facility (ATDF) · Alamo Drafthouse Cinema · Austin Zoo · Dell · Driskill Hotel · Four Seasons Hotel Austin · Freescale Semiconductor · Fuddruckers · Inner Sanctum Records · MCC · National Instruments · SEMATECH · Waterloo Records · Whole Foods Market
Higher education Austin Community College · Huston-Tillotson University · St. Edward's University · University of Texas
Music Antone's · Armadillo World Headquarters · Austin City Limits · Austin Lyric Opera · Austin Symphony Orchestra · Emo's · SXSW · Stevie Ray Vaughan · Willie Nelson
Landmarks Austin-Bergstrom International Airport · Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium · Dell Diamond · The Drag · Frank Erwin Center · Governor's Mansion · Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum · Moonlight tower · Sixth Street · State Capitol · Treaty Oak · UFCU Disch-Falk Field
Parks and preserves Emma Long · Hippie Hollow · McKinney Falls · Mount Bonnell · Walnut Creek · Wild Basin · Zilker
Bodies of water

Barton Creek · Barton Springs · Colorado River · Deep Eddy Pool · Lady Bird Lake · Lake Austin · Lake Travis · Lake Walter E. Long
Public universities in Texas
University of Houston System

University of Houston • University of Houston–Clear Lake • University of Houston–Downtown • University of Houston–Victoria
University of North Texas System

University of North Texas • University of North Texas at Dallas
University of Texas System

University of Texas at Arlington • University of Texas at Austin • University of Texas at Brownsville • University of Texas at Dallas • University of Texas at El Paso • University of Texas–Pan American • University of Texas of the Permian Basin • University of Texas at San Antonio • University of Texas at Tyler
Texas A&M System

Prairie View A&M • Tarleton State • Texas A&M • Texas A&M–Central Texas • Texas A&M–Commerce • Texas A&M–Corpus Christi • Texas A&M International • Texas A&M–Kingsville • Texas A&M–San Antonio • Texas A&M–Texarkana • West Texas A&M
Texas State System

Lamar • Sam Houston State • Sul Ross State • Texas State–San Marcos
Texas Tech System

Angelo State • Texas Tech
Independents

Midwestern State • Stephen F. Austin State • Texas Southern • Texas Woman's
Public Ivy universities
Richard Moll's 1985 list
Original Eight College of William & Mary • Miami University • University of California • University of Michigan • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill • University of Texas at Austin • University of Vermont • University of Virginia
"Worthy Runners-Up" University of Colorado at Boulder • Georgia Institute of Technology • University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign •New College of the University of South Florida • Pennsylvania State University • University of Pittsburgh • State University of New York at Binghamton • University of Washington at Seattle • University of Wisconsin–Madison
Greenes' Guides 2001 list
Eastern College of William & Mary • Pennsylvania State University • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey • State University of New York at Binghamton • University of Connecticut • University of Delaware • University of Maryland • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill • University of Virginia • University of Vermont
Western University of Arizona • University of California: (Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Santa Barbara) • University of Colorado at Boulder • University of Washington
Great Lakes & Midwest Indiana University • Miami University • The Ohio State University • University of Illinois • University of Iowa • University of Michigan • Michigan State University • University of Minnesota • University of Wisconsin
Southern University of Florida • University of Georgia • University of Texas at Austin

Coordinates: 30°17′10″N 97°44′22″W / 30.28614°N 97.73942°W

Categories: Association of American Universities | Public universities in Texas | Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities | Big 12 Conference | Education in Austin, Texas | Educational institutions established in 1883 | Oak Ridge Associated Universities | Public universities | Southern Association of Colleges and Schools | Universities and colleges in Texas | University of Texas at Austin | University of Texas System

 

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'University of Texas At Austin' News
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Comic Book Movie Andrew J. Friedenthal ( University of Texas at Austin ) uses Crisis on Infinite Earths as a lens to examine how metatextual continuity creates a "narrative" ...
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and jogging trails along the Colorado River The Rowing Dock is located at 2418 Stratford Drive They provide lessons kayak and paddle boat rentals This is for the whole family You re so close to Zilker Park at this point that you have to go take a dip in Barton Springs Pool This is a natural pool where the sides have been cemented You ve never seen

Yahoo Images Search: University of Texas at Austin,
Tue Jul 27 04:45:58 2010
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